Roman gods and their Greek equivalents

Here is a list of the principal Roman gods and their Greek equivalents:

  1. Jupiter (Roman) – Zeus (Greek): King of the gods, god of the sky and thunder.
  2. Juno (Roman) – Hera (Greek): Queen of the gods, goddess of marriage and childbirth.
  3. Neptune (Roman) – Poseidon (Greek): God of the sea, earthquakes, and horses.
  4. Minerva (Roman) – Athena (Greek): Goddess of wisdom, war, and crafts.
  5. Mars (Roman) – Ares (Greek): God of war.
  6. Venus (Roman) – Aphrodite (Greek): Goddess of love, beauty, and fertility.
  7. Apollo (Roman) – Apollo (Greek): God of the sun, music, poetry, and healing. (Note: Apollo retains the same name in both Roman and Greek mythology.)
  8. Diana (Roman) – Artemis (Greek): Goddess of the hunt, the moon, and nature.
  9. Vulcan (Roman) – Hephaestus (Greek): God of fire, metalworking, and craftsmanship.
  10. Mercury (Roman) – Hermes (Greek): God of commerce, communication, and travelers; messenger of the gods.
  11. Vesta (Roman) – Hestia (Greek): Goddess of the hearth and home.
  12. Ceres (Roman) – Demeter (Greek): Goddess of agriculture, grain, and fertility.
  13. Bacchus (Roman) – Dionysus (Greek): God of wine, revelry, and ecstasy.
  14. Pluto (Roman) – Hades (Greek): God of the underworld and the dead.
  15. Proserpina (Roman) – Persephone (Greek): Goddess of the underworld and spring growth; daughter of Ceres/Demeter.
  16. Saturn (Roman) – Cronus (Greek): Titan god of time and harvest; father of Jupiter/Zeus.
  17. Cupid (Roman) – Eros (Greek): God of love and desire.
  18. Janus (Roman) – None (Greek): God of beginnings, gates, transitions, time, duality, doorways, passages, and endings. (Note: Janus is unique to Roman mythology and does not have a direct Greek equivalent.)
  19. Faunus (Roman) – Pan (Greek): God of the forest, fields, and shepherds.

These gods and goddesses formed the central pantheon in Roman and Greek mythology, each with unique roles and attributes that shaped religious practices and cultural beliefs.