Sikhism is a monotheistic religion that originated in the Punjab region of South Asia during the 15th century. It was founded by Guru Nanak and subsequently shaped by nine successive gurus. Sikhism is one of the youngest of the major world religions and as of 2021, it has approximately 25 million followers worldwide, making it the fifth-largest organized religion.
Sikhs believe in one, universal, formless God, and the teachings of the Ten Gurus as recorded in the Guru Granth Sahib, their holy scripture. The word “Sikh” means “learner,” indicating a follower of the faith who seeks the truth.
The core beliefs of Sikhism are encapsulated in the teachings of the Gurus, these include:
- Monotheism: Sikhs believe in one universal God who is the eternal truth. This God is seen as the same for all religions and transcends any one religion.
- Equality: Sikhism strongly emphasizes the concept of equality, rejecting discrimination based on caste, creed, and gender. It teaches that all people are equal in the eyes of God.
- Community service and charity: Sikhs are expected to contribute to the community through Seva (selfless service) and share their earnings through Dasvandh (giving ten percent of one’s earnings to charity).
- Honest Living: Sikhs are encouraged to live honestly and work hard for their livelihood. This is often summarized as “Kirat Karo” – earn by honest means.
The pillars of Sikhism are often summarized by three key principles, known as the Three Pillars of Sikhism:
- Naam Japna: Keeping God in mind at all times.
- Kirat Karni: Earning an honest living.
- Vand Chakna: Sharing with others, especially those who are less fortunate.
Sikhism introduced the concept of the “saint-soldier.” Sikhs are taught to defend the rights of all who are wrongfully oppressed or persecuted irrespective of their color, caste, or creed.
Sikh men and women can be recognized by the Five Ks — five articles of faith, which are: Kesh (uncut hair), Kara (a steel bracelet), Kanga (a wooden comb), Kaccha (cotton underwear), and Kirpan (a strapped curved sword).
Notable Sikh practices include congregational worship at a Gurdwara, the Sikh place of assembly and worship. The Harmandir Sahib, also known as the Golden Temple, in Amritsar, India, is the most significant historical and spiritual center of the Sikhs.
Langar, a communal meal open to all visitors of the Gurdwara regardless of religion, caste, gender, or ethnicity, is another important part of Sikhism that embodies the principle of equality.
Sikhism has had a significant impact on the culture and history of the Punjab region, and it continues to influence the lives of millions of people around the world.